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Bone Marrow transplant or Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a medical procedure performed to replace the bone marrow that has been damaged or destroyed by disease, hemotherapy or infection.

This procedure involves transplanting blood stem cells, which travel to the bone marrow where they produce new blood cells and promote further growth of new marrow.

Multiple myeloma is cancer that forms in a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell. Plasma cells help you fight infections by making antibodies that recognise and attack germs. Multiple myeloma causes cancer cells to accumulate in the bone marrow, where they crowd out healthy blood cells.

Sickle cell anaemia is an inherited red blood cell disorder in which there aren’t enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout your body. Normally, the flexible, round red blood cells move easily through blood vessels. In sickle cell anaemia, the red blood is shaped like sickles or crescent moons. Symptoms for this condition include Infections, pain and fatigue. Treatments include medication, blood transfusions and rarely a bone-marrow transplant.

Lymphoma is cancer that begins in infection-fighting cells of the immune system, called lymphocytes. These cells are in the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and other parts of the body. When you have lymphoma, lymphocytes change and grow out of control. Treatment for lymphoma may involve chemotherapy, medication, radiation therapy and rarely stem-cell transplant.

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterised by less haemoglobin and fewer red blood cells in the body than usual. This is a genetic disorder inherited from a person’s parents. Thalassemia can make people very anaemic. Symptoms for thalassemia include weakness, fatigue, paleness and slow growth. Mild thalassemia may not need treatment. Severe forms, however, may require blood transfusions or a donor stem-cell transplant.

Leukaemia or Blood cancer can be treated in some cases, but it all depends upon the type of blood cancer the patient is suffering from. Some of the treatments done to cure blood cancer are haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and therapies like chemotherapy and blood transfusion.